Thursday, January 31, 2008

Sea Turtles In North Cyprus

These fascinating creatures come ashore on the deserted beaches of North Cyprus between May and August to nest and Alagadi Beach is classified as a special protected area.

While on your trip in Northern Cyprus, you may be intrigued to know that this is home to some of the most significant turtle housing beaches in the Mediterranean. The two species that live and nest in Northern Cyprus are endangered species. Just about 10% of the loggerhead and 30% of the green turtles in the Mediterranean nest in Northern Cyprus. Bearing in mind that as little as 300-400 green and 2000 loggerhead turtles are likely to live each year in the complete Mediterranean, it is critical that people do all they can to help and protect these near endangered species.

These North Cyprus Marine turtles start their lives on land, where they come out to emerge from eggs, just after 45-60 days of incubation on land and in the sand. When these turtles hatch and emerge they then begin to make the attempt to reach the sea, they swim anxiously out to sea waters where they stay put for the remaining years of their lives, the only break in this would be when a adult female will come to shore and lay her eggs.

It is projected that only one single hatchling out from two thousand will make it and survive to full adult life and maturity. As soon as they are 25-30 years old, and reach 1-2 meters in length, the adult females and males with set out and migrate to waters off nesting beaches to eat and reproduce. For the duration of a nesting season a female lays 3-4 nests, each carrying just about 100 eggs. she will nest every 1-3 years and will always return to the exact same beaches. There is no exact number on how long these marine turtles live but they have been suggested to live up to 160 years old.

They are two species of marine turtles that find themselves nesting in the North Cyprus Mediterranean and they would be the loggerhead, caretta caretta and the green turtle (chelonia mydas) the grand total number of both of these turtles has said to be a estimated 300-400 for the green and 2000 for the logghead females that nest each and every single year. Both of these species of sea turtles are endangered , more so with the green turtles. It has said to be that North Cyprus and Turkey seem to be the only nesting grounds these turtles come to love. There is over 80 beaches along North Cyprus that between may and October and monitored closely for the precious turtle activity.

While on your stay in North Cyprus and wish to see these lovely creatures you may indulge in a boating experience of the shore and see these turtles swimming, and with many places to see at night you might catch a glimpse of these night nesting turtles.

Group of Ecologists and students have been observing and helping to protect these rare animals from extinction for a number of years.

Some general information for you to keep on hand:
Mating time for these turtles is May/June
Hatching time is Aug/Sep
Nesting time is June/July

I hope that by through this article you can take away some general information on sea turtles in North Cyprus. If ever in the area on vacation or stay pay a visit to these wonderful beautiful creatures.

24 Tips on How to use Public Transportation Effectively

1) Learn the Bus and Train Lines. Call the Transportation Department for your city and ask if they have any maps showing the city or entire region of the area you are requesting route information for. You may be able to get it free or pay a fee - it is well worth it.

2) Visit your State's Transportation Department's Website. These sites have very valuable information to the public transportation user.

3) Check for any incentive programs available to get people to use public transportation, or tax breaks to company's that your employer may not know about. Some states will give you up to a $65 a month discount on such programs.

4) Check to see if you are eligible for a disability or senior citizen discount.

5) If you plan on using public transportation frequently buy a weekly or monthly pass - this will save you lots of money in the long run.

6) Keep good records of your ridership - you may qualify for tax breaks.

7) Get schedules by calling, online, from libraries or community centers. You may be able to print the schedule online on your printer.

8) Have good alternatives planned in case something happens to your regular bus route. Learn how to use subways in case of heavy traffic, sporting events, parades or marathons.

9) Keep your dollar bills as flat as possible, don't ball them up, and make sure your money doesn't have any rips or tears in them. Farebox machines often will not accept torn bills.

10) Be aware of what's going on in your city. Sporting events, popular plays, circuses, road construction, marathons etc. can have a great impact on your commute time especially if you work weekends.

11) If you plan to use strollers, use the light weight portable type. Start taking them down the moment you see the bus in the distance.

12) Keep your hands as free as possible - you can get seriously hurt if you do not secure yourself by holding on, or my get in arguments by falling into people.

13) Keep your valuables at a minimum, do not sit them in a free seat next to you and not pay attention, you know what will happen.

14) Use good common sense - which will cover much of what is not written here.

15) Pay attention to the Bus number and block number which may be in the lower part in the corner of the front window. Just in case you lose something or something happens.

16) Like anywhere else there are con people that use the bus. It's good to be pleasant but don't provide too much of your intimate details about where you may be going to complete strangers. For example telling someone you are on the way to the bank or shopping, this equates in people's mind that you have money.

17) Be alert to what's going on around you.

18) Keep this in mind. Just because someone is a Bus Driver doesn't mean they know every street in the city, granted - drivers can help you with a lot of destinations throughout the regions, but sometimes they just don't know or have just started. Sometimes the other passengers know more about how to get to your destination. If you have no idea of where you are going, call the bus company they may have people that could help you over the telephone.

19) If you loose something on the bus check with the lost and found department or call the company directly if you have the bus and block numbers.

20) Keep a close eye on your children both at the stop and while getting on the bus. Make sure they are secure when they are on the bus before the driver pulls off.

21) Bring something interesting to read with you.

22) If you are new to riding the bus try not to go to sleep or you may miss your stop.

23) If possible, try to stay at least 1 - 2 buses ahead of the one that will get you to your destination by the time you need, in case a bus breaks down or traffic. A good rule of thumb to use is - The more important an event is to you the earlier you want to be there.

24) You are saving a lot of money by using public transportation, take some extra money with you in case you need to take a cab for emergencies. "Be Prepared" as the Boy Scout's Motto says.

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Uderstanding Bacteria and Enzymes

The adaptable nature of bacteria makes it possible to exploit particular strains for their beneficial qualities. The natural biodegradation of organic waste can be greatly enhanced by the introduction of naturally occurring, non genetically engineered, non pathogenic bacteria. Biodegrading "specialists" are scientifically selected for their exceptional enzyme production and long term stability.

In the natural environment, both bacteria, and the enzymes they produce, play a significant part in biodegradation: Bacteria produce the enzymes essential for metabolizing the food source (organic waste) into energy necessary for further growth of the living organism. Enzymes facilitate the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds are broken into simpler ones (catabolism). This, in turn, speeds the process of converting the food source into an available energy supply for bacterial growth and reproduction (and continuous enzyme production).

A. BACTERIA

1. General Background
Although some bacteria may cause certain diseases, many more bacteria are not only harmless, but they actually are very beneficial. The positive influence of these numerous useful microscopic organisms in our biosphere is incalculable. For example, without bacteria, the soil would not be fertile (and all plants and animals ultimately are dependent upon soil fertility for life sustaining materials). Various species of bacteria are concerned in the decomposition of organic matter, fermentation, and the fixing of atmospheric nitrogen. Many of the common bacteria of air, soil and water are capable of digesting dead organic materials, proteins, carbohydrates, fats and grease, and cellulose breaking them down to simpler molecules and in utilizing these substances. This impressive ability of bacteria as a group to produce such a great diversity of biochemical changes and end results constitutes one of the outstanding facts of the natural world.

2. Rate of Multiplication
Given reasonable and suitable conditions for growth, the rate of asexual multiplication of bacteria is very rapid; it has been found that a cell divides every 20 to 30 minutes. So, assuming that conditions are conducive to a rate of one division every 30 minutes, a single individual cell will have produced 4 cells at the end of the first hour, 16 at the end of two hours, and about one million (1,000,000) at the end of fifteen (15) hours. Thus, when products containing millions of selected bacteria per milliliter are introduced under suitable conditions, the eventual bacterial growth is astronomical, and, by virtue of the presence of such great numbers of efficient, beneficial bacteria, the presence and growth of less productive and often harmful, naturally occurring bacteria are greatly reduced by competitive exclusion. Simply stated, the selected, introduced bacteria are more efficient and out compete the naturally occurring bacteria for the food source.

3. Conditions Affecting Growth of Bacteria

a. Food requirements. Bacteria must obtain from their environment all nutrient materials necessary for their metabolic processes and cell reproduction. The food must be in solution and must pass into the cell.

b. Temperature. For every bacterium, there 'are certain cardinal points of temperature at which growth is most rapid. Although different bacterial species differ widely, the optimum growth temperature for most bacteria lies between 5° C and 55° C (41 ° F to 131 ° F). Growth may slow at temperatures below 5°C (41 ° F) and cell damage may occur at temperatures above 60° C (140° F). The ordinary cells (non spores) are damaged at temperatures of 60° to 80° C (122° F to 140° F); hence a single boiling of a fluid or even pasteurization (application of a heat of 63° C or 145° F) is sufficient to eliminate them. Bacterial spores, however, must be subjected to very prolonged heating at higher temperatures before they are distressed.

c. pH. Each bacterium has a pH range within which growth is possible. Growth will occur in environments that have pH values between 4.5 and 10; the optimum pH value differs greatly between species but an environment kept close to neutral (pH 7) will sustain most bacterial species.

d. Moisture. Bacteria require moisture. The importance of moisture for bacterial growth will be seen clearly if it is realized that bacteria have no mouth parts and all their food must be absorbed in a soluble form by the process of diffusion through the cell wall; without sufficient moisture, therefore, the inflow of food and the outflow of excreta becomes impossible.

e. Oxygen. Bacteria of various kinds exhibit wide differences in their relation to oxygen of the air. Some need oxygen for respiration and cannot grow unless it is provided. These are known as aerobes. Others grow only in the absence of free oxygen and are unable to use it in their respiration, they are called anaerobes. Still others can grow under either condition and are termed facultative.
Broadleaf Plantain, also know by the scientific name Plantago majo, is a short, leafy plant that loves to grow in thin and weakened sections of your lawn.

There is one problem with this pest, It forms large spreading colonies, suffocating the grass around it.

I've seen lawns absolutely covered with this stuff.

Here is some basic information about this weed:

It grows everywhere in the United States, southern Canada, most of Europe, and northern and central Asia. Grows well in full sun or partial shade. Its rosette of leaves is 5-10 inches across, with each leaf being 2-8 inches long, and 1-4 inches wide. The leaves hug the ground, and crowd out healthy grass. The main advantage that this plant has is that it grows better than others where the soil is compacted. So if your lawn has a small gap it can easly grow there even if the soil is firm, choking out the grass around it.

Early summer through September you will see the seed stalks rising. It spreads from seeds and also re-sprouts roots below the ground. If Broadleaf Plantain is appearing, it can be an indication that you are mowing your grass too low.

If you want to try removing this plant yourself, the only way is to dig them out. You will need to do this repeatedly over several months in order to effectively control the plants. Removing the plants before they produce seed also helps to speed up the process.

If you try pulling the plants out by grasping the leaves, they tend to break off, allowing the roots to continue spreading beneath the ground, forming new plants. Mowing does not work because of how low the leaves lie. Additionally, seeds and plant parts can contaminate your lawn mower and other equipment, so mowing will just spread the plants to new areas.

Herbacides can be effective to control plantain seedlings, and can also reduce the vigor of established plantain plants. Please ask your lawn care company for help in applying the correct herbacides for this weed.

Data entry services make organizational functions a smooth process

Every organization aims at carrying out its daily processes with clockwork precision. The employees hired in various departments are all specialists in their jobs and the company hopes that the functions will be a smooth flowing process under the supervision and care of these professionals. However there are certain tasks that are mundane in nature but nonetheless are crucial to the existence and profit making capacity of the organization. Data entry of regular processes within the company is one such important aspect of every business. Any organization cannot function smoothly without the requisite data entered and processed accurately and efficiently. Employees are therefore hired to carry out the data entry services which enable the smooth functioning of the business.

Data entry services can be a time consuming task which requires diligent effort of the data entry staff. Each and every transaction needs to be recorded, processed and analyzed to enable the decision makers to have a clear picture of the actual standing of the company. A huge group of people are interested in the data of the company starting from the shareholders to the employees, creditors, consumers and the market in general. Data entry services therefore play a crucial role in determining the present and future of the business and hence this aspect is taken very seriously by every business. Data entry services are now being outsourced from reputed vendors to further simplify the requirements of every business.

Data entry services that are outsourced from vendors help the firm in saving crucial resources which are both human and financial. The data entry services vendor employs qualified professionals to carry out the data entry work for the client. This enables the client to reduce the manpower in the form of salaried staff that was earlier engaged in data entry operations for the firm. This not only leaves the manpower free to be employed in other crucial divisions but also saves on the salary that would otherwise have to be paid to the staff doing data entry services. The vendor generally charges less than what the firm would normally pay to a salaried staff for data entry services and hence it is a win-win situation for all involved.

The data that is collected, recorded, processed helps the company determine the current status of their financial records and the progress made so far. Some firms may not be requiring constant data entry services and for them it makes sense to hire vendors to do the job on a need basis. Meanwhile the firms with permanent data entry requirement can also benefit from a vendor providing regular and up to date data entry services. It would ensure that all information regarding the company data is available at the click of a mouse. Data entry services can be a boon for numerous companies which are dependent on the crucial records of every transaction that takes place within the organization. Now whether the company wants to hire in-house staff or a vendor to take care of data entry services is a matter of convenience and preference but the need for such services will always remain intact and keep growing with the time.